The History of Planning a Quilt

Wow, talk about an article opening up a Pandora's Box! This stage of the quiltmaking process is extremely important both today and years gone by. Do it thoroughly and the rewards are so satisfying and unimaginable. Rush the planning and not thinking it through can prove utterly disastrous. And devastating. So great care should be given to the planning of a quilt. This was especially true in the past, which is the focus of this article. While there are many ideas that are still good, it is easy to see that some of the techniques and methods used are now outdated, tedious, and made much simpler via the utilization of modern technology.

Have you ever built a new house? Or remodeled? Or redecorated a room? Much thought is given to the end result. How everything is placed is vital to your plan and, hopefully, well thought out. Once the project is finished, you more than likely thought, "I wish I had put that there and this over here..." and on... and on... and on! It is inevitable: Experiencing the process makes one wiser! I have been blessed in that I have had the privilege of building four homes. I would like to say that it was perfect, but, alas, they were not. I designed each and every one of them and yet at the end, I discovered ways that I could have improved my design (my builders hated me, as I would change plans during construction). With each experience, however, I became wiser. Now I sit in my fourth home and see a couple of things I wish I had done differently, but overall, most of it was planned according to prior knowledge gained.

The same can be said of quilting, past and present. And a plan that works for one person may not necessarily work for another. It may look appealing when you decide to copy (legally, of course) a pattern, but once finished, you may realize that the colors just do not fit your style or purpose. So part of this learning process is in discovering your own personal tastes and being able to adapt your own style into your planning. Learning this valuable lesson can be a useful tool in preventing any disappointments in the finished product. It simply takes too long, too much energy, and too much expense to haphazardly complete a quilt.

Several considerations were given to the planning of a quilt long ago: Purpose, Size, Color(s), Layout, Borders, Technique(s), and the Quilting. To read more detail about each of these, please read this article in its entirety at Quilting Passion.

Comments, suggestions, ideas, and thoughts are greatly appreciated!

White Quilts

"White quilts" are splendidly rich in historical value!

But first, what is a white quilt? It is just what its name indicates: A white quilt. A quilt that is void of any color. It is often interchangeably referred to as a "whole cloth quilt", but sometimes when this term is applied, it has the potential to be misleading, because it can include color. The characteristic that both terms have in common is that the outer layer is a white, whole (not patched) cloth.

During the reign of Queen Anne (Queen of England/Great Britain, lifespan 1665-1714), there were many utterly exquisite white quilts made. With absolutely no color to help enhance the beauty of the quilts, it was essential that the craftsmanship be superb. These quilts were made with the greatest of care, with beautiful quilting designs sewn with the finest of stitches. Much attention was given to detail and planning was vital to this type of quilt.

There were basically two types of white quilts: One made for warmth and used as a quilt, the other not made for warmth, probably used as curtains, tablecloths, etc. There were also three methods used for making white quilts: 1) For a bed (warmth), 2) Stuffing from the backing side of the quilt (not for warmth), and 3) Stuffing from the wrong side of the top layer of the quilt (also not used for warmth).

1) If a white quilt was made as a quilt for a bed, it was created with at least three layers of thickness were sewn together with what was referred to as the "ordinary quilting stitch". The name of the stitch, however, does not in any way indicate that the stitch was "ordinary"! Quite the contrary, this stitch was "ordinary" because it was a plain, but very fine running stitch.

2) Another method was to quilt two layers (not used for warmth) with either a back stitch, a chain stitch, or a plain running stitch. Or maybe any combination of these stitches. For this quilt, the outer layer was made from the finest of all linen, and the backing was a loosely woven material (an explanation of the "why" follows!). The quilting designs for this type of quilt were made up of scrolls, feathers, small flowers, small leaves, and other patterns that allowed the quilter to "stuff" either cording or some type of padding directly beneath the linen. The process was simple, yet also complex. First, the layers were put in place and then temporarily sewn (basted) together. Second, the design/pattern(s) were all quilted with precision, the quilter being constantly aware that this quilt had no color, and that the work put into it would be highly visible. At this point, one would think it was almost complete, but there is yet another technique used to enhance the beauty of the quilt. This is where the loosely woven backing was utilized! Once quilted, the quilt was turned over to the backing and the threads of each quilted area were gently separated (never cut!) from one another in quilted areas. Still working from the back, the quilter then stuffed each detail of the pattern/design with bits of cotton or other fabrics, or even narrow cording (which was run through with a fine bodkin). Once all of the "stuffing" was complete, the threads that had been separated were carefully pushed back together again. Today, this technique is referred to as "trapunto".

3) Based on the method discussed in the paragraph above, an improvement emerged with regard to stuffing with cording. Quilters are intelligent people (as you know!) and it did not take long for them to figure out that the cording could be added in a much easier and faster way. Before the layers were basted together, the design/pattern was traced onto the wrong side of the outer linen fabric. The cording was then attached from the wrong side of the linen with the same stitch that is used in shadow embroidery, the "cat stitch" or "brier stitch". Then the process continued as the quilter put the layers together (forming a quilt "sandwich") and finished using the second method above.

The last two methods were used for tablecloths, window curtains, four-poster bed curtains, home decor, etc.

Many white quilts from the Queen Anne era (and others) can be found in museums today. These quilts are still quite popular and thought to be for a more-experienced quilter. These antique quilts are collectible and many online Web sites offer them for sale.

Hopefully, this article has been interesting and informative. Comments are definitely appreciated!

The Beginnings of Quilting, Part IX

When a young man entered into a marriage, he hopefully did not go in without a freedom quilt! Freedom quilts were made by the girls a young man was acquainted with, upon the celebration of his twenty-first birthday. Once married, this quilt was added to his bride's dower chest. This type of quilt was put together much like a friendship quilt.

We have to remember that long ago, entertainment and celebrations were limited: Probably due to being so rural (distance-wise), the difficulties of planning a "party" while getting everyday chores done, etc. These events usually lasted all day and evening; perhaps to give the horses time to rest or to make the entertainment worth the time it took for all of the preparations (including the travel time!). It may have even appeared inhospitable to invite guests for just a short period of time.

So, why is it called a "freedom" quilt? Up until his twenty-first birthday, a young man was completely under his parent's thumb. The parents had all authority; even to the point that they could dictate to him where to work, when to work, or what to do with any wages he might earn (even give it all to them for upkeep!). So, when he turned 21, it was very special. He became his own boss, you might say! He had his freedom, legally.

This may seem a strange tradition today, but a freedom quilt was expected to be added to a bride's dower chest. The lack of one might have appeared to show that her groom had uncaring, or no, friends!

Today, freedom quilts have entirely different meanings. One of the most recent is to honor soldiers that have lost their lives fighting terrorism since 09/11/01. This organization was founded by Betty Neilson from Fonda, IA. To show my respect for the events of 09/11/01, I designed a paper-piece pattern of a flag, shown at the top.

Freedom quilts (teacher's resource!) were also used as secret maps used by slaves in what is currently the USA to escape slavery. Each block signified a special meaning. Freedom quilts also have numerous other meanings that can be researched (keywords: Freedom + Quilts) on the Internet (Please use Quilting Passion Organization as the charity!). Amazon.com, as well as numerous other resources, also has many books based upon freedom quilts.

Hopefully, this section of the article has been informative and comments to this article are definitely appreciated!

This also concludes this entire journey on the early history of types of quilts. A secondary article will be published this coming week (09/06/09), if not sooner!

The Beginnings of Quilting, Part VIII

"Comfort" is defined as "to give strength and hope to", "cheer", "to ease the grief or trouble of", "console". Knowing this definition pretty much describes what comfort quilts are all about. These quilts are made for someone that is in need of comfort, for one reason or another. It could be illness, a death in the family, or any number of reasons.

A comfort quilt can be made by one person to give to another, or a comfort quilt can be a group effort, where several quilters work together to make a quilt. In 2003, I was diagnosed with multiple heart conditions and my online friends joined together and made me a beautiful comfort quilt. Then, in 2007, I experienced multiple medical issues, a huge move, and a new job. Again, several of my online friends got together and made me a comfort quilt, called "Spring Has Sprung". It is absolutely gorgeous! I think of them every time I snuggle underneath them... which is almost daily.

So, what types of people provide the comfort? Comforters, of course! And, according to Merriam-Webster, "comforter" has four definitions: "HOLY SPIRIT", "One that gives comfort", "A long narrow, usually knitted neck scarf", and "A thick bed covering made of two layers of cloth containing a filling (as down)". All of these definitions are very true for me. And I know first-hand how wonderful it feels to be on the giving and receiving end (I've also contributed to numerous comfort quilts). I have heard it said before that quilters are the most kind-hearted and generous people on this earth. I believe it!

To read the original article in its entirety, please visit Quilting Passion.

And, as usual, all comments are certainly appreciated!

The Beginnings of Quilting, Part VI

Although the true roots of the idea of a friendship quilt are not known, it is highly speculated that the friendship quilt was born during the time when young girls were making their dozen or so quilts for their dower chests.

As most quilters know, by the time we get to the end of making one quilt, we are getting pretty tired of working on it and are more than ready to see it complete; now, imagine making a dozen! Surely, young ladies during these times were bored with their own work and ready for a little variation. As such, they would exchange pieces, patches, and blocks with their friends, of all different materials, hence making a friendship quilt. Each piece of fabric and/or patch and/or block represented the friend and made the quilts all the more special. This became a very popular tradition that continues today.

To read this article in its entirety, please visit Quilting Passion.

The Beginnings of Quilting, Part IV

Traditionally speaking, "album quilts" were parting quilts made for a minister's wife when the minister accepted another position in a different church, then moved. The ladies of the church would come together and make one block each, from her own material (stash!) and sign with her name. The block usually contained a Bible verse, as well.

Often, men's names can be found on antique album quilts, so not all of the blocks in a quilt were signed by the makers themselves. Men who wished to be remembered by the clergyman and his wife would persuade a female relative to do the work.

Today, album quilts are sometimes called "signature quilts". Although a part of our quilting heritage for a long time, album quilts are now not specifically designated as a parting quilt for a minister's wife, but are seen as a going away gift for someone or to simply leave as a legacy.

There are many variations of the traditional album blocks, but all hold one element in common: A place for a signature. As we step into the future with technology, however, album blocks take on new meaning. Scanned handprints, photo blocks, special graphics... all add to the enrichment of an album block.

One can only imagine the many smiles that an album quilt brought to a minister's wife, long after she had left her husband's flock. These quilts were held in high esteem and she considered herself blessed to have received one!

This article in its entirety is found on Quilting Passion.

The Beginnings of Quilting, Part III

What do you think of when you hear the term "spinster"? An old maid? An older, unmarried lady? A female of an age that it is doubtful to marry? A woman who is too set in her ways to be marriage material? Any of these... or perhaps a combination of these?

The truth of the matter is that the word, "spinster" originally applied to young girls who were still spinning the flax that would be woven into the linen for their dower chests (sometimes called "hope chests" now). Having a dower chest completed before entering into marriage is a centuries old tradition, but really became popular in the mid-1950's in the USA. Most chests were wooden, with ornate carvings or paintings on them. Some were cedar chests (I still have mine!) or even metal foot lockers. The amount of time it would take to spin and weave enough table and bed linen and piece enough quilts with which to start housekeeping was enormous. This is why girls began working on their dower chests from early on in their young lives, as this was a huge portion of her dowery. A "good" bride would have no less than 12 of her best quilts pieced and ready for the frame and finishing for her chest when the time came for her to wed.

The very best of the quilts in the dower chest was referred to as the "bride's quilt". These quilts were especially beautiful. By the time a young girl got around to making this special quilt, she had had plenty of practice on the rest of her quilts. She knew which colors and patterns she loved the most. She had probably planned and discarded many ideas before making her final decision. In fact, you might say that the first 10 or so quilts were her "practice" quilts leading up to the biggie, the bridal quilt.

When the time came to finish all of the quilts, the young lady would invite friends, family, and neighbors to a central location to quilt her pieced tops. This was often referred to as a "quilting bee" and it was as much of a formal announcement of an engagement as if it had been published in the local newspaper. These "quilting bee" events were seen as entertainment and provided occasions for other things (pot luck dinners, barn raisings, etc.). Although quilting bees are considered a purely American tradition for a form of entertainment, today groups of women who come together quite regularly to quilt in the northern regions of England call themselves, "quilting clubs". Quilting clubs in the USA are also popping up everywhere (and have been for many years), mostly via quilt shops, but also online.

In essence, bridal quilts gave people excuses to gather together to socialize, while at the same time helping to provide a dowery for her upcoming marriage. A quilting bee is a tradition that I have sadly not had the pleasure of participating in, but hope to one day! I would definitely want to practice on my quilting skills first, though. :)

Today, antique bridal quilts are very valuable. And high quality quilts are difficult, but not impossible, to find. These quilts can be found in museums and private collections.

Hopefully, this article has been informative and comments are definitely appreciated!

Beginnings of Quilting - Part II

The "Spanish Bombast Period" was from approximately 1545 to 1620 A.D. During this time, quilting was used on some of the finest costumes to be found in any land. The early history of the patchwork quilt is of the development of work that had been undertaken in Europe in the mid-sixteenth to early seventeenth centuries. Bombast style clothing was definitely in vogue, as the clothing was so heavily ornamented with jewels that the clothes were instantly eye-catching and very appealing. Because of the weight of the jewels, it was necessary to have a number of layers of fabric to support them. These layers were quilted to hold them all together, and many times, the costumes were quilted and/or embroidered in gold and where the stitches crossed, studded pearls and other fine gems were attached.

There are many beautiful examples of quilted petticoats that were worn from the early part of the 18th century to the latter part. For the most part, the overskirt hid the petticoats almost entirely, except for a narrow panel down the front that was designed specifically to allow one to catch a glimpse of the artisan's craftwork beneath. These historical, wearable artifacts can be found in modern museums today.

Quilted clothing has not gone out of style! There is much evidence of quilted clothes worn in the winter in China and Japan. In France, the peasant women of some of the districts wear quilted petticoats still, and in Holland, several of the quilted petticoats are worn at the same time. Here in America, quilted garments can be found in many forms, from coats and jackets to evening wear. Even sports uses quilted garments for protection, such as in hockey, football, or any sporting game where the player or umpire needs a quilted shield. A very popular quilted garment is a vest. There are many patterns available on the market. They're fast, easy to make, gorgeous, and can let a quilter show his/her magnificent creativity.

This article, including all of the parts in the series, can be found in its entirety on Quilting Passion.

The Beginnings of Quilting, Part I

What does the beginnings of quilting involve? The answer to this question is simple, yet cannot easily be summed up in a few words. So, with that said, this begins a series of articles entitled, "The Beginnings of Quilting".

History, in particular Mr. Webster,
tells us that the original definition of a quilt (noun) was, "a kind of
mattress"; this has now changed to, "a
bed coverlet of two layers of cloth filled with padding (as down or batting)
held in place by ties or stitched designs"; On the other hand, the
verb "quilt" means, "to stitch or sew in layers with padding in between".

Our early ancestors, those who made their homes in caves, dressed and covered themselves with the skins of animals. At night, our kinfolk needed additional warmth as they slept, so they layered skins together somehow, and unknowingly laid the foundation for quilting
Hopefully, this brief summary has sparked enough interest to cause you to want to read this article in its entirety on Quilting Passion!